La familia como factor de riesgo o protección en el proceso de reinserción familiar de niños, niñas y adolescentes en casas de acogida

The main objective of this study is to monitor the risk or protection factors present in the process of family reintegration of children and adolescents in foster homes and other institutions empowered for this purpose, specifically contextualized in the Republic of Ecuador. Said exploration is framed in a documentary investigation, of a bibliographic type, where a review of different scientific articles, research papers and other publications in magazines, published on the Web, was carried out; using the signing technique for the organization and decantation of the information obtained. Likewise, with this research it is intended to expand and update the theme related to the agents that influence, either positively or negatively, the process of reintegration into a family nucleus, of those children and adolescents who at some point have lost the protection of their family nucleus of origin. Likewise, it provides knowledge that will serve as a tool or input for future research on this content. Because it is framed in the context of the Republic of Ecuador, an investigation was carried out on the legal instruments in force in that country, focusing particularly on the National Constitution and the Code for Children and Adolescents. Finally, as a conclusion, the author's criteria are exposed, comparing it with previously carried out studies, based on the various approaches found.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal, un seguimiento a los factores de riesgo o de protección, presentes en el proceso de reinserción familiar de niños, niñas y adolescentes en casas de acogida y otras instituciones facultadas para tal fin, específicamente contextualizadas en la República de Ecuador. Dicha exploración está enmarcada en una investigación documental, de tipo bibliográfica, donde se llevó a cabo una revisión a diferentes artículos científicos, trabajos de investigación y demás publicaciones en revistas, divulgados en la Web; utilizando la técnica del fichaje para la organización y decantación de la información obtenida. Igualmente, con esta investigación se pretende ampliar y actualizar la temática relacionada con los agentes que influyen, ya sea de forma positiva o negativa, en el proceso de reinserción a un núcleo familiar, de aquellos niños, niñas y adolescentes que en algún momento han perdido la protección de su núcleo familiar de origen. Asimismo, brinda conocimientos que servirán de herramienta o insumos para futuras investigaciones en torno al presente contenido. Por estar enmarcada en el contexto de la República del Ecuador, se realizó una indagación en los instrumentos jurídicos vigentes en ese país, enfocándose particularmente en la Constitución Nacional y el Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión se exponen los criterios del autor, comparándolo con los estudios previamente realizados, en base a los diversos enfoques encontrados. ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to monitor the risk or protection factors present in the family reintegration process of children and adolescents in foster homes and other institutions authorized for this purpose, specifically contextualized in the Republic of Ecuador. This exploration is framed in a documentary research, of a bibliographic type, where a review of different scientific articles, research papers and other publications in magazines, published on the Web, was carried out; using the signing technique for the organization and decantation of the information obtained. Likewise, this research aims to expand and update the topic related to the agents that influence, either positively or negatively, in the process of reintegration into a family nucleus, of those children and adolescents who at some point have lost the protection of their family of origin. Likewise, it provides knowledge that will serve as a tool or input for future research on this content. Because it is framed in the context of the Republic of Ecuador, an investigation was carried out into the legal instruments in force in that country, focusing particularly on the National Constitution and the Code for Children and Adolescents. Finally, by way of conclusion, the author's criteria are presented, comparing it with previously carried out studies, based on the various approaches found