Plasmidic content of certain virulence factors of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from different organisms in Kirkuk City

The study included isolation and diagnosis of Escherichia coli from clinical and animal sources (humans, cows, sheep, birds, chickens, fish, and gecko). It collected 275 samples distributed to 125 clinical samples taken from urine and 150 samples distributed to other organisms with 25 samples per organism. The isolates used in the study were diagnosed on the appearance, microscopy, and chemical tests, as well as confirmatory testing of isolations through the use of the Api 20 E tape, where 41 isolations of E. coli bacteria were obtained from the clinical source and 89 isolation from other organisms. Some fertility factors of bacterial isolates were studied, all bacterial isolates were found to be Capsule productive, while all were non-Hemolysin enzymes, and Extended Spectrum β-lactamase enzymes were 41% (53/130), and isolates' ability to form biofilm was investigated where isolates were producers 60% (77/130). Three isolates were selected for each source to study their plasmid content, Electrically phased isolators on agarose gels have shown a different variety in their plasmid content.&nbsp