Analysis of Deficient Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections using Scissors Model

Macro-modeling techniques have been proved as suitable solutions for analysis and assessment of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) beam column joints subjected to seismic loads. The techniques vary from single rotational spring at the joint panel to multi-spring complex joint elements for individual response prediction at the panel and interface. The technique is used to bridge the gap between the rigid joint modeling leading to compromised structural safety and economy and finite element methods (FEM) resulting in very high computational effort.  Joints built prior to development of seismic specifications exhibit certain deficiencies characterized by improper construction, weak materials, lack of transverse reinforcement, and lower reinforcement ratios. Deficient joints exhibit a brittle behavior when exposed to lateral loads