MONEY, INCOME, AND CAUSALITY: AN EXAMINATION FOR THE TURKISH ECONOMY

This paper examines the direction of causality between money and income for the Turkish economy using quarterly data over the period of 1987 to 2011. A vector autoregression model consisting of the real gross domestic product, the broad money supply, the three months deposit rate as short-term interest rate, and the consumer price index is constructed to implement causality tests. Also, a leveraged bootstrapped simulation technique is used when conducting causality tests in order to make the results more robust. The empirical results suggest a bidirectional causation between the two variables and that monetary aggregates may provide relevant information in the implementation of monetary policy