Diseases and pests management of tomato in organic agriculture

Rajčica je jedna od najčešće uzgajanih povrtlarskih kultura, sklona mnogim bolestima i napadima štenika. Uzročnici bolesti rajčice mogu biti gljivice, bakterije i virusi. Od mikoza najčešće su to plamenjača, koncentrična pjegavost, septorijska pjegavost, pepelnica, siva plijesan, baršunasta plijesan lista te venuća uzrokovana rodovima gljivica Verticillium i Fusarium. Od bakterioza izdvojene su bakterijska pjegavost, krastavost plodova i bakterijsko venuće, dok su od viroza najznačajniji virus mozaika duhana, virus mozaika rajčice i virus mozaika krastavca. Štetnici koji prave najviše štete na rajčici su štitasti moljci, lisne sovice, lisni mineri, lisne uši i nematode korjenovih kvržica. Neke od najvažnijih preventivnih mjera protiv bolesti i štetnika su plodored, odabir zdravog sjemena i zdravih presadnica te uzgoj otpornih sorti. Postoji još mnoštvo mjera protiv bolesti kao što su upotreba bioloških pripravaka, uklanjanje zaraženih biljaka i njihovih dijelova i solarizacija tla, a protiv štetnika korištenje prirodnih neprijatelja, zaštitnih mreža, bioloških pripravaka te sadnja kultura koji odbijaju određene štetnike.Tomato is one of the most commonly grown vegetable, prone to many diseases and pests attacks. The causes of tomato diseases can be fungi, bacteria and viruses. The most common mycoses are late blight, early blight, leaf spot, powdery mildew, gray mold, leaf mold and wilts caused by the fungi Verticillium and Fusarium. Bacterial canker, black rot and bacterial wilt were singled out as bacterioses, while the most important viruses were tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. The pests that do the most damage to tomatoes are whiteflies, silver Y moths, leaf miners, aphids and root-knot nematodes. Some of the most important preventive measures against diseases and pests are crop rotation, selection of healthy seeds and healthy seedlings, and cultivation of resistant varieties. There are many other measures against diseases such as the use of biological preparations, removal of infected plants and their parts and soil solarization, and against pests the use of natural enemies, protective nets, biological preparations and planting crops that repel certain pests