The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer
- Stephens, PJ
- Tarpey, PS
- Davies, H
- van Loo, PF
- Greenman, C
- Wedge, DC
- Nik-Zainal, S
- Martin, S
- Varela, I
- Bignell, GR
- Yates, LR
- Papaemmanuil, E
- Beare, D
- Butler, A
- Cheverton, A
- Gamble, J
- Hinton, J
- Jia, MM
- Jayakumar, A
- Jones, D
- Latimer, C
- Lau, KW
- McLaren, S
- McBride, DJ
- Menzies, A
- Mudie, L
- Raine, K
- Rad, R
- Chapman, MS
- Teague, J
- Easton, D
- Langerod, A
- Lee, MTM
- Shen, CY
- Tee, BTK
- Huimin, BW
- Broeks, A
- Vargas, AC
- Turashvili, G
- Martens, John
- Fatima, A
- Miron, P
- Chin, SF
- Thomas, Giju
- Boyault, S
- Mariani, O
- Lakhani, SR
- van de Vijver, M
- Van 'Tveer, L
- Foekens, John
- Desmedt, C
- Sotiriou, C
- Tutt, A
- Caldas, C
- Reis, JS
- Aparicio, SAJR
- Salomon, AV
- Borresen-Dale, AL
- Richardson, AL
- Campbell, PJ
- Futreal, PA
- Stratton, MR
DOIAbstract
All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis(1), and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in abo...
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