Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of Sport Utility Vehicles With Different Fuel Options

Purpose: Sport utility vehicles typically have lower fuel economy due to their high curb weights and payload capacities as well as their potential to cause serious environmental impacts. In light of this fact, a life cycle assessment is carried out in this study to assess their cradle-to-grave environmental impacts for life cycle phases ranging from manufacturing to end-of-life recycling. Methods: A hybrid economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) method is used in this research paper to estimate the environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and water withdrawal) of sport utility vehicles. This life cycle assessment is also supplemented with a sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the possible ranges for total mileage of operation and fuel economy, and to account for the sensitivity of the EIO-LCA output. Results and discussion: The operation phase is the major contributor to the overall life cycle impact of sport utility vehicles in each fuel/power category. Furthermore, among the selected vehicles in this study, the battery electric vehicle has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions (77.2 tonnes) and the lowest energy consumption (1046.8 GJ) even though the environmental impact indicators for the battery manufacturing process are significantly large. The plug-in hybrid vehicle, on the other hand, demonstrates an optimal performance between energy use and water withdrawal (1172.9 GJ of energy consumption and 1370 kgal of water withdrawal). In addition, all of the fuel-powered vehicles demonstrated similar environmental performances in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, which ranged between 100 and 110 tonnes, but the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle had a significantly large water withdrawal (2253.2 kgal). Conclusions: Since the majority of the overall impact stems from the operation of the vehicle in question, their complete elimination of tailpipe emissions and their high energy efficiency levels make battery electric vehicles a viable green option for sport utility vehicles. However, there are certain uncertainties beyond the scope of this study that can be considered in future studies to improve upon this assessment, including (but not limited to) regional differences in source of electricity generation and socio-economic impacts