The Definition, Assessment, And Mitigation Of State Boredom Within Educational Settings: A Comprehensive Review

Police organizations are inherently top down in their managerial style, and order maintenance policing-being a strategy adopted by top management and implemented by lower ranking personnel-may hit a roadblock that is typical in top-down organizations: Lower ranking personnel may not embrace the mission of order maintenance to the same extent that their superiors do. The present study compares attitudes about order maintenance policing across rank in an urban police department. The results indicate that patrol officers express significantly less support for public order maintenance relative to personnel of higher ranks; however, educational attainment and attachment to supervisors emerged as meaningful influences on attitude as well, which suggests that police managers and supervisors can improve lower ranking officers\u27 endorsement of top-down strategies like order maintenance through their supervisory and hiring practices. © SAGE Publications 2012