Transition pathways and transitions to sustainability : A critical exploration of perspectives, typologies and agendas

The perspective of transitions to sustainability seems to have almost replaced the perspective of sustainable development these days. The idea and concept of ‘transition pathways’ features prominently in it. Though originating from the field of systems thinking, it often tends to be approached in a rather instrumentalist way: how to make it happen. This often goes with a focus on technology and innovations. A different approach would be to focus on how to engage with related processes in appropriate ways and considering appropriate principles and values to be expressed through transition pathways. Another tendency is it to always think of transitions as something positive: “transitions to sustainability – must be good!”. In this discussion paper we problematise transition pathways as concept and approach to societal change – in particular in relation to food systems – and list a series of critical reflections. As we unpack related dimensions, perspectives, and societal processes, a clear picture emerges: the need to carefully consider implications of underlying dynamics and political agendas more than researchers tend to do. We close with a number of suggestions regarding ways in which this can be done