Analysis of beam structures by combined 3D peridynamics and refined 1D finite elements

Previous literature has demonstrated that the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) can be used to generate higher-order finite elements with unprecedented accuracy. As a matter of fact, either 1D CUF elements can provide accurate 3D internal stress states within simple to complex structures and still preserve a high computational efficiency. The objective of this work is to present the latest developments in the coupling of refined 1D CUF-based finite elements with 3D peridynamics grids. The effectiveness of the proposed models is tested with both static and fracture analysis