Comparison of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Competitiveness Between Indonesia and Malaysia in The International Market

Indonesia dan Malaysia merupakan dua negara pemain utama di pasar internasional Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan global terhadap CPO, kedua negara tersebut memiliki peluang yang besar dalam pengembangan industri CPO baik bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi domestik maupun global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan daya saing ekspor CPO antara Indonesia dan Malaysia di pasar internasional selama periode tahun 1999 hingga 2019. Perbandingan daya saing tersebut dianalisis dengan merujuk pada pendekatan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), dan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP). Selain itu, secara kualitatif daya saing CPO Indonesia juga dijelaskan melalui pendekatan Berlian Porter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum CPO Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki tren daya saing yang meningkat. Dilihat dari nilai RCA, ECI dan ISP, Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Malaysia. Berdasarkan posisi daya saing, Indonesia berada pada tahap pematangan. Sementara, Malaysia masih berada pada tahap pertumbuhan.Indonesia and Malaysia are two major players in the international Crude Palm Oil (CPO) market. Along with the increasing global demand for CPO, the two countries have great opportunities in developing the CPO industry for both domestic and global economic growth. This study aims to analyze the comparison of the competitiveness of CPO exports between Indonesia and Malaysia in the international market during the period 1999 to 2019. The comparison of competitiveness is analyzed by referring to the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI) and Trading Specialization Index (ISP) approaches. In addition, qualitatively the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is also explained through the Berlian Porter approach. The results showed that in general, Indonesian and Malaysian CPO had an increasing trend of competitiveness. Based on the value of RCA, ECI and ISP scores, Indonesia has a higher comparative advantage than Malaysia. Based on the position of competitiveness, Indonesia is at the stage of maturation. Meanwhile, Malaysia is still in the growth stage