ADHD: more than just hyperactive and inattentive kids

ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in children during their developmental phase. The condition is characterised by two groups of symptoms, namely hyperactive and impulsive, as well as the lack of ability to focus and concentrate. Although being active and having poor attention span are common in children, for those with ADHD, these symptoms occur in a more severe, persistent situation and interfere with their daily functioning, including learning experience. Globally, it occurs among one in 20 children, while in Malaysia the prevalence is reported to be around 1.6 per cent to 4.6 per cent. Studies have also shown that boys are more likely to have this problem, with the ratio of three to four times in comparison to girls. Despite having a strong genetic link with 76 per cent of cases involving genetic/hereditary history, no specific type of genetic disorder has been identified as a specific cause of ADHD. External factors such as complications during birth, advanced age of parents, premature babies, maternal health problems during pregnancy such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high stress and use of illicit substances during pregnancy also contribute to the risk of developing this disorder