Ultra Bright Near‐Infrared Sulfonate‐Indolizine Cyanine‐ and Squaraine‐Albumin Chaperones: Record Quantum Yields and Applications

The design of bright, high quantum yield (QY) materials in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region in water remains a significant challenge. A series of cyanine and squaraine dyes varying water solubilizing groups and heterocycles are studied to probe the interactions of these groups with albumin in water. Unprecedented, \u27ultra bright\u27 emission in water is observed for a sulfonate indolizine squaraine dye (61.1% QY) and a sulfonate indolizine cyanine dye (46.7% QY) at NIR wavelengths of \u3e700 nm and \u3e800 nm, respectively. The dyes presented herein have a lower limit of detection than the most sensitive dyes known in the NIR region for albumin detection by at least an order of magnitude, which enables more sensitive diagnostic testing. Additionally, biotinylated human serum albumin complexed with the dyes reported herein was observed to function as an immunohistochemical reagent enabling high resolution imaging of cellular α-tubulin at low dye concentrations