Optimal management of renewable and fossil fuel energy systems in a smart community

The present paper focuses on the energy aspects related to sustainable communities aimed at becoming smart. In particular, the paper discusses optimal strategies for the management of renewable energy systems (RES) and fossil fuel energy systems. Marche Region, one of the 21 Italian administrative divisions, has been taken as a reference case in order to compare different strategies. The area is characterized by a high percentage of electricity imported from the grid, suggesting the importance of increasing the local production to become sustainable. The year 2020 has been taken as the target year. An energy model of the area has been built considering RES potential and energy saving initiatives defined in the Regional Energy Master Plan. The model has been developed with EnergyPLAN, an optimization tool developed by Aalborg University and used to assess energy systems Three different solutions for the integration of RES and the minimization of fossil fuel consumption have been considered: i) a Demand Side Management technique related to the introduction of heat pumps seeking to use the excess of electricity derived from renewable production; ii) the use of micro-CHP systems in buildings to compensate for the variability of RES production; iii) the introduction of EVs with dump and smart charge. The best results come from HPs and EVs with smart charge, which are able to reduce the electricity in excess and minimize the primary energy consumption, in particular when a high share of intermittent renewable is introduced