In Italy we have observed in the last ten years strong forces moving towards a new approach to territorial and economic development. New guidance and new procedures (governance) in the international and European researches have singled out in NUTs 2 and 3 levels the best geographical scale for programming the economic development; this means that provinces must have, at least in Italy, broaden competences useful to give ‘European’ solution to the problems of organization and management of territory, economy, society, environment. In this sense, the application of new geographical criteria to the analysis of Italian province competitiveness could give a measure of the progressive ‘federalisation’ of the Italian system. In this paper we p...