Effects of Mediterranean summer conditions on chlorophyll a fluorescence emission in the epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia soredians: a field study.

Recent hypotheses suppose that dry lichens emit a faint chlorophyll a fluorescence because of a \u201clong-wavelength quencher\u201d embedded in the antenna complex that protects photosystem II (PSII) from photodamage. To verify in the field the PSII re-activation promptness induced by water availability, chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured on the epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia soredians after two months without rainfall events in a Mediterranean cork oak wood (Bosco Santo Pietro, Sicily, Italy). Measurements were carried out at dawn and sunset on north- and south-exposed populations under different regimes of hydration and dark-adaptation. The results show that prolonged hydration increases the photochemical conveying of energy to PSII and decreases the non-photochemical energy dissipation that otherwise might occur in the antenna complex of the lichen photobionts. A slight decrease in PSII efficiency caused by photoinhibition was observed in thalli exposed to ambient light (up to 600 \ub5mol photons m-2 s-1) only when kept fully hydrated. The results are discussed on the basis of our knowledge on the ecology of the species, that is a representative component of Mediterranean epiphytic lichen communities