Anticipating events of in-hospital cardiac arrest

Study objectives: To determine whether in-hospital cardiac arrests occurring in regular wards are preceded by some event(s), and the diagnostic and therapeutic measures adopted. Methods: From 1 May 1999 to 31 December 2001, events occurring in the 6 h preceding cardiac arrest were reviewed by checking the medical and nurse records and interviewing the attending staff. Exclusion criteria were (a) location in the Coronary Care Unit, the Intensive Care Unit, the Emergency Department and the operating rooms; (b) the presence of rapidly fatal disease; (c) the lack of adequate documentation. Results: Overall, 263 cardiac arrests occurred in the period under consideration. A total of 148 patients (61 women, 87 men, aged 74.3\ub1 1.2 years) fulfilled the entry criteria. Anticipating events were reported in 128 patients (86.4%). These included alterations in consciousness, cardiac arrhythmias, dyspnoea and chest pain. The restoration of cardiac rhythm was obtained in 23 patients (15.5%). Eight (5