Knowledge translation in the medical field among different stakeholders. A case study in oncology

Introduction. Knowledge Translation (KT) is defined as the synthesis, exchange and application of knowledge to foster the benefits of global and local innovation. In healthcare and medicine, KT is an increasingly relevant topic, as recognized by the growing number of publications. While the traditional definition of KT recalls the need to translate scientific research into clinical practice, other types of KT emerge. More in details, they concern the interaction of actors with different skills and feelings, who find themselves working together to achieve a common outcome. The paper aims to understand the dynamics and tools of KT by analyzing the case of an Italian Breast Unit. Materials and methods. The paper uses a methodology based on a case study relating to the IRCCS CRO - National Care Institute Center for Oncological Reference of Aviano. Multiple information sources are used to collect, triangulate, and verify data. Results. The analysis allows to divide the stakeholders into two groups: a first professional or internal group, characterized by a common healthcare background, and a second non-professional or external group, which gathers actors with various skills, needs, and feelings. The two groups use profoundly different tools and methodologies to translate knowledge effectively. Discussion. While the first group translates knowledge internally using more explicit tooles, and benefits from the team’s durability, the second group needs more creative methodologies, many of which are based on language and interpersonal skills. The temporary nature of relations with the BU of this latter group requires the use of always different and innovative tools