Custodial measures before judgment : a look at Haitian law in the light of French law

Ce travail de recherche tend à exposer la nécessité de la privation de liberté avant procès et la corrélation entre la sauvegarde de l’ordre public et la liberté individuelle dans le cadre de la manifestation de la vérité. Pour cela, le législateur doit instituer des contrepoids aux mesures privatives de liberté avant jugement (des mesures de milieu fermé ou ouvert) afin de permettre à la personne mise en cause de contrebalancer l’accusation. Dans ce cadre, les personnes privées de liberté doivent bénéficier des garanties judiciaires en vue de contester l’accusation, c’est-à-dire les charges retenues contre elles dans les procédures d’enquête et de l’information, par la voie de contrôle institutionnel afin d’éviter des détentions excessives et arbitraires. C’est ainsi que cette étude analyse l’équilibre des droits entre les parties, c’est-à-dire entre le ministère public et la personne mise en cause, dans la phase de l’avant-procès pénal au sein des politiques criminelles française et haïtienne.The preparatory phase of the criminal trial is characterized by the presumption of innocence in the application of custodial measures. In this regard, the alleged must in some degree be exempted from custody (removal of freedom) because of his status of “presumed innocent” within the definition of the rights to freedom. However, in the contemporary criminal proceedings, custodial measures are taken before trials in order to seek evidence of the truth, safeguard social peace and secure the criminal trial.This derogation from the principle of freedom expresses the need for custodial measures in the pre-trial phase. In this context, the modern criminal procedure is based on the balance between the right to freedom and the protection of the general interest. This the way that the French and Haitian criminal laws establish measures involving removal of freedom prior to trials to relativize the right to freedom during the procedures of investigation and information.This research work is part of this judicial balance in matters of custody prior to trial. Indeed, this study tends to expose the necessity of the removal of freedom before trial and the correlation between the safeguard of public safety and individual freedom in the context of the search of evidence of the truth. Consequently, French and Haitian criminal policies establish a counterweight to the custodial measures prior to trial (closed or open environment measures) in order to allow the alleged to counterbalance the allegations. Thus, custodians must benefit fromjudicial guarantees in order to appeal the allegations, that is to say the charges brought against them, in the procedures of investigation and information, by means of institutional control in order to avoid excessive, arbitrary and illegal detentions. This is how our study analyzes the balance of rights between the parties : the public prosecutor (prosecutor) and the accused person, in the phase of the criminal pre-trial within the French and Haitian criminal policies