Judges and arbitrators in Roman law and compared to the Croatian law in force

I.) Unatoč tome što rimska država više ne postoji, rimsko pravo i dalje živi među nama. Rimska država ostavila je vrlo kvalitetnu pravnu podlogu, a rimsko pravo je postalo temelj prava brojnih država. Rimljani su bili svjesni činjenice da nije dovoljno samo propisati imperativne i prohibitivne norme već i osigurati organ koji će ih primjenjivati. Sukladno dinamičnosti društva uvodili su promjene te su od suca laika, neprofesionalca i osobe bez pravnog znanja došli do suca koji je bio pravni znalac i stručnjak – kojemu je to bilo glavno zanimanje. Zahtijevale su se određene kvalifikacije bez kojih se nije moglo postati sucem. Poznavali su i odgovornost u slučajevima korupcije sudaca ili izbjegavanja obavljanja sudačkih dužnosti. Razdoblje rimskog carstva bilo je najbliže shvaćanjima sudstva kakvo mi danas poznajemo u suvremenom hrvatskom zakonodavstvu. Udaljenost grada Rima i veliki teritorij rimske države rezultirali su nastankom arbitraže koja je predstavljala način izbjegavanja redovnih sudskih parnica. Arbitraže su bile brže i jednostavnije. Rimljani su poznavali arbitražu boni viri i arbitražu ex compromisso, a spominjale su se i upravne arbitraže. Hrvatski pravni sustav poznaje ad hoc i institucionalnu arbitražu. Temelji se na ugovoru o arbitraži koji može biti u obliku arbitražne klauzule ili zasebnog ugovora. Odluka povodom arbitražnog postupka naziva se arbitražni pravorijek, a pravno sredstvo protiv istog - tužba za poništaj arbitražnog pravorijeka. Arbitraže, kako u razdoblju rimske države pa tako i u suvremenom hrvatskom zakonodavstvu vidimo kao kvalitetno, izvansudsko rješavanje sporova.Despite the fact that the Roman state no longer exists, Roman law still lives among us. The Roman state left a very high-quality legal foundation, and Roman law became the basis of the law of numeorus states. The Romans were aware of the fact that is not enough to prescribe imperative and prohibitive norms, but also to provide an authority that will apply them. In accordance with the dynamism of society, changes were introduced, and they went from a lay judge, a non-professional and a person without legal knowledge to a judge who was a legal expert and expert – for whom this was his main job. Certain qualifications were required without which one could not become a judge. They also knew the responsability in cases of corruption of judges or avoidance of judicial duties. The period of the Roman Empire was the closest to the understandings of judiciary as we know today in contemporary Croatian legislation. The distance of the city of Rome and the large territory of the Roman state resulted in the emergence of arbitration, which was a way of avoiding regular court cases. Arbitrations were faster and more simple. The Romans knew arbitration boni viri and arbitration ex compromisso, administrative arbitrations were also mentioned. The Croatian legal system knows ad hoc and institutional arbitration. It is based on an arbitration agreement which may be in the form of an arbitration clause or a separate agreement. The decision regarding the arbitration procedure is called arbitration award, and the legal remedy against it - is a lawsuit for annulment of the arbitration award. We see arbitration, both in the period of Roman State and in the modern Croatian legislation, as a high-quality, out-of-court settlement of disputes