Impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive and psychomotor performances of medical students at the University of Split School of Medicine

Cilj: Istražiti utjecaj deprivacije spavanja na kognitivne i psihomotorne sposobnosti studenata medicine u Splitu te proučiti koliki im je subjektivni osjećaj umora nakon deprivacije spavanja u odnosu na prospavanu noć. Nadalje, cilj je bio utvrditi kakva im je kvaliteta spavanja i je li se promijenila tijekom godina sudiranja te kojem kronotipu pripadaju. Ispitanici i metode: U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 14 ispitanika, od čega 8 žena i 6 muškaraca. Provedeno je testiranje na CRD uređaju na drugoj godini studija kada su ispitanici prospavali noć te naknadno na višim godinama studija nakon neprospavane noći. Pri prvom i drugom testiranju ispitanici su popunjavali Stanfordsku ljestvicu pospanosti i Pittsburški upitnik. Pri drugom testiranju ispitanici su ispunjavali upitnik „Jeste li jutarni ili večernji tip“. Rezultati: Na testu CRD311 ispitanici su postigli bolje rezultate nakon deprivacije spavanja u MedT u odnosu na prospavanu noć (0,42±0,04 vs. 0,45±0,41; P=0,039). Ostali rezultati kao što su UKT, MinT, MedT, BrPog, SB/ZB nisu se statistički značajno promijenili nakon deprivacije spavanja. Muškarci su imali brže UKT na testu CRD11 (90,62±17,32 vs. 110,78±14,13; P=0,047) te kraći MedT (0,5±0,04 vs. 0,62±0,11; P=0,044) na testu CRD411 nakon neprospavane noći u odnosu na žene. Nakon prospavane noći muškarci su imali kraći MinT na testu CRD311 (0,26±0,06 vs. 0,35±0,07; P=0,039) u odnosu na žene. Pospanost izražena pomoću SSS bila je veća nakon deprivacije spavanja u odnosu na prospavanu noć (2,17±0,79 vs. 3,36±1,11; P=0,005). Kvaliteta i navike spavanja izražene pomoću PSQI nije se statistički značajno promijenila na višim godinama fakulteta, međutim, studenti imaju lošu kvalitetu spavanja (PSQI>5). Prema kronotipu spadaju u prijelazni tip (srednja vrijednost 46,71). Zaključci: Ovim istraživanjem utvrđeno je kako se kognitivne i psihomotorne sposobnosti studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu nisu pogoršale nakon deprivacije spavanja. Analizom podataka utvrđeno je kako su muškarci uspješniji u pojedinim izmjerenim parametrima testova psihomotorike. Također, studenti su imali značajno veći subjektivni osjećaj umora na SSS nakon deprivacije spavanja. Kvaliteta i navike spavanja nisu im se značajno promijenile u odnosu na drugu godinu studija, štoviše, one su ostale loše.Objective: To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on the cognitive and psychomotor abilities of medical students in Split and to compare subjetive feelings of sleepiness following sleep deprivation with those after night sleep. Furthermore, the goal was to determine the quality of their sleep and whether it changed during the years of the studying and which chronotype they represent. Subjects and methods: 14 subjects participated in the study, of which 8 were women and 6 were men. Testing was performed on the CRD device in the second year of study when the subjects slept through the night and subsequently in higher years of study after a sleepless night. During the first and second testing, the subjects filled out the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. During the second test, the students filled out the questionnaire "Are you a morning or evening type". Results: On the CRD311 test, subjects achieved better results after sleep deprivation in MedT compared to a night they slept (0,42±0,04 vs. 0,45±0,41; P=0,039). Other results such as UKT, MinT, MedT, BrPog, SB/ZB did not change significantly after sleep deprivation. Men had faster UKT on the CRD11 test (90,62±17,32 vs. 110,78±14,13; P=0,047) and shorter MedT (0,5±0,04 vs. 0,62±0,11; P=0,044) on the CRD411 test after a sleepless night when compared with women. After a night sleep, men had a shorter MinT on the CRD311 test (0,26±0,06 vs. 0,35±0,07; P=0,039) compared to women. Sleepiness expressed using SSS was higher after sleep deprivation in comparison with one after the night sleep (2,17±0,79 vs. 3,36±1,11; P=0,005). Sleep quality and habits expressed using PSQI did not change statistically significantly in higher years of college, however, students have poor sleep quality (PSQI>5). According to the chronotype, they belong to the transitional type (mean value 46.71). Conclusion: This research determined that the cognitive and psychomotor performances of students of the School of Medicine in Split did not deteriorate after sleep deprivation. Data analysis revealed that men are more successful in certain measured parameters of psychomotor tests. Also, students had a significantly higher subjective feeling of fatigue measured with SSS after sleep deprivation. Their sleep quality and habits did not change significantly compared to the second year of study, moreover, they remained poor