Analysis of post-COVID polyradiculoneuritis hospitalized in the University Hospital of Split in a one-year period

Cilj istraživanja: Prikupiti podatke o broju oboljelih od Guillain-Barréovog sindroma (GBS) u Kliničkom bolničkom centru (KBC) Split u 2021. godini, razvrstati pacijente po dobnim skupinama i spolu, te usporediti broj oboljelih s podacima prije COVID pandemije na razini Splitsko-dalmatinske županije (SDŽ). Prikazati u kojem je postotku COVID infekcija prethodila pojavi GBS-a, te koliki je bio vremenski interval od COVID infekcije do pojave akutnog poliradikuloneuritisa. Razvrstati pacijente po mjesecu prijema u KBC Split i usporediti dobivene podatke s aktualnim epidemiološkim podacima o COVID infekciji te utvrditi jesu li pacijenti s prethodno preboljenom COVID infekcijom duže boravili u bolnici, te koja je bila najčešće ordinirana terapija i koje im je stanje bilo pri otpustu iz bolnice. Ispitanici i metode: Podaci za potrebu ovog diplomskog rada prikupljeni su pretraživanjem računala Klinike za neurologiju koristeći šifru MKB 10. (međunarodne klasifikacijske bolesti) G 61.0 arhive Klinike za neurologiju KBC-a Split za 2021. godinu. Podaci su uneseni u program Microsoft Excel te su prikazani u programu za obradu teksta Microsoft Word. Statistička obrada podataka provedena je koristeći statistički program GraphPad Prism 9 i Microsoft Excel. Rezultati: Tijekom 2021. godine u KBC-u Split zabilježeno je 15 pacijenata sa potvrđenom dijagnozom GBS-a. Najveći broj oboljelih bio je u dobnoj skupini od 61. do 80. godine (47%) te su uglavnom od GBS-a obolijevale osobe muškog spola (73%). Čak 67% pacijenata prethodno je imalo infekciju, a vremenski interval od preboljenja COVID infekcije do pojave GBS-a bio je od 8 do 60 dana. Pacijenti su uglavnom bili hospitalizirani tijekom zimskih mjeseci, pogotovo u veljači i prosincu. Najveći broj novozaraženih koronavirusom bio je u studenom i prosincu, a interval od infekcije do pojave GBS-a bio je 8 – 60 dana, stoga možemo doći do zaključka da je GBS vrlo vjerojatno jedan od oblika post-COVID sindroma. Iako je 44% pacijenata imalo teški oblik COVID infekcije te posljedično i post-COVID GBS nije bilo značajne razlike u trajanju hospitalizacije, a nakon primjene terapije, koja se uglavnom sastojala od intravenskih imunoglobulina (40%), 13 od 15 pacijenata doživjeli su poboljšanje dok su 2 pacijenata preminula. Zaključak: Najviše oboljelih pacijenata od GBS-a i COVID-a bili su pacijenti muškog spola, starosti od 61. do 80. godine. Iako su prevladavale osobe s GBS-om koje su u anamnezi imali i COVID infekciju, a veliki broj i najteži oblik infekcije, nije zabilježena značajna razlika u trajanju hospitalizacije pacijenata s GBS-om i COVID infekcijom u odnosu na pacijente koji su oboljeli od GBS-a bez prethodne infekcije koronavirusom.Objectives: The aim of this study was to record the total number of patients with GBS in the University Hospital of Split in 2021, classify patients by age group and gender and compare the number of patients with pre-pandemic data at the Split-Dalmatia County. Show in what percentage the COVID infection preceded the onset of GBS and what was the time interval between the COVID infection and the onset of acute polyradiculoneuritis. Sort patients by month of admission to the University Hospital of Split and compare the data obtained with current epidemiological data on COVID infections and determine whether patients with a previous COVID infection stayed longer in the hospital, which therapy was prescribed most frequently, and what their condition was before discharge from the hospital. Subjects and methods: Data for this work were collected by querying the central computer of the Department of Neurology using the ICD 10 (International Classification of Diseases) code G 61.0 from the archives of the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Split. Data were entered into the Microsoft Excel data processing program and presented using the Microsoft Word processing program. Statistical data processing was performed using the GraphPad Prism 9 statistical program and Microsoft Excel. Results: In 2021, the University Hospital of Split admitted 15 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GBS. The largest number of patients was in the age group of 61 to 80 years (47%), and GBS affected mainly men (73%). No less than 67% of patients with GBS had previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the time interval between overcoming the COVID infection and the onset of GBS ranged from 8 to 60 days. Most patients were hospitalized during the winter months, especially in February and December. Most new coronavirus infections occurred in November and December, and the time interval from infection to onset of GBS was 8 – 60 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that GBS is most likely one of the forms of post-COVID syndrome. Although 44% of patients had a severe form of COVID infection and thus a post-COVID GBS syndrome, there was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay, and after therapy, which consisted mainly of intravenous immunoglobulins (40%), 13 of 15 patients improved, whereas 2 patients died. Conclusion: The majority of GBS and COVID patients were male and between 61 and 80 years old. Although there were more GBS patients who also had COVID infection, and a large number had the most severe form of infection, no significant difference was found in the length of hospital stay of patients with GBS and COVID infection compared with patients with GBS and no prior coronavirus infection