Escaping the form in the novel Trans-Atlantyk by Witold Gombrowicz

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se analizom zajedničke nacionalne »forme« Poljaka na način na koji ju je vidio i razumio jedan od najvažnijih pisaca poljskog međuraća, Witold Gombrowicz (Małoszyce, 1904. – Vence, 1969.). U radu se na početku pojašnjava Gombrowiczevo poimanje koncepta »forme« da bi se bolje razumio i njegov odnos prema »Poljskoj formi«, s obzirom na to da je »forma« u središtu njegova poimanja svijeta, kako književnog, tako i neknjiževnog, a nastavlja se analizom glavnih sastavnica »Poljske forme«, te njezinih karakteristika. Gombrowicz je odlučio groteskom i satirom sukobiti se s anakroničnom poljskom nacionalnom formom – tom poljskom civilizacijsko-kulturnom tradicijom stvorenom od romantičarskih pisaca u svrhu očuvanja »poljskosti« i nacionalnog identiteta u doba nestanka Poljske s karte Europe – zato što nije Poljacima dopuštala mogućnost autentičnog izražavanja ni okretanja budućnosti zbog svoje petrificiranosti u vremenu koje je već odavno prošlo – 16. i 17. stoljeću. No, Gombrowicz nije imao namjeru Trans-Atlantikom ići protiv Poljske i poljskosti, već je njime želio braniti Poljake pred Poljskom, odnosno omogućiti im da na domovinu prestanu gledati kao na Boga, već kao na svoje djelo, što je, prema Gombrowiczu, najveći iskaz domoljublja, za razliku od pukog idealiziranja domovine, koje on naziva kukavičkim oblikom domoljublja.This thesis refers to the the analysis of the common national »form« of the Poles as seen and understood by one of the most important writers of the Polish interwar period, Witold Gombrowicz (Małoszyce, 1904 - Vence, 1969). The thesis initially clarifies Gombrowicz's understanding of the concept of »form«, in order to better understand his relationship to the Polish form as well, given that form is at the center of his understanding of the world, both literary and non-literary, and continues with an analysis of the main components of the »Polish form«, and its characteristics. Gombrowicz decided to use grotesque and satire to confront the anachronistic Polish national form – Polish civilizational and cultural tradition created by Romantic writers for the purpose of preserving »Polishness« and national identity in the era of Poland's disappearance from the map of Europe – because it did not allow Poles the possibility of authentic expression, nor the ability to look towards the future, because of its petrification in a time that has long since passed - the 16th and 17th centuries. However, Gombrowicz did not intend to use the Trans-Atlantic to go against Poland and Polishness, but instead wanted to defend the Poles against Poland, that is to enable them to stop looking at their homeland as the God, but rather as their creation, which, according to Gombrowicz, is the greatest statement of patriotism, in contrast to the mere idealization of the homeland, which he describes as a cowardly form of patriotism