Chemistry of the drugs for anxiety-depressive disorders

Anksioznost i depresija glavni su psihijatrijski problemi i razlozi hospitalizacije u Hrvatskoj. Anksioznost je psihijatrijski poremećaj kojeg obično prate zabrinutost i strah. S druge strane, depresija je poremećaj raspoloženja, kojeg prate osjećaj tuge i žalosti, ali nerijetko i suicidalne misli. Ova dva poremećaja se najčešće pojavljuju zajedno jer osoba koja ima depresiju nerijetko pati i od nekog anksioznog poremećaja. Oba poremećaja su kompleksna i najčešće su poporaćena pojavom somatskih bolesti. Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se liječenjem ova dva povezana stanja. Postoji mnogo skupina lijekova na tržištu, a odabrano je pet predstavnika anksiolitika i antidepresiva. Antidepresivi koji su obrađeni su: dezipramin, selegilin, escitalopram, bupropion i tianeptin. Nadalje, anksiolitici koji su obrađeni su: alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, oksazepam i nitrazepam. Navedenim lijekovima su opisane strukture i svojstva, te njihov mehanizam djelovanja. Osim navednih lijekova ponuđena su i alternativna rješenja kao što je kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija. Kao alternativa mogu poslužiti i atipični antipsihotici, te kanabinoidi iz biljke cannabis sativa posebice CBD.Anxiety and depression are the main psychiatric problems and reasons for hospitalization in Croatia. Anxiety is a psychiatric disorder that is usually accompanied by anxiety and fear. Depression, on the other hand, is a mood disorder accompanied by feelings of sadness and grief, but often also suicidal thoughts. These two disorders usually occur together because a person who is depressed often suffers from an anxiety disorder. Both disorders are complex and are most often accompanied by the appearance of somatic diseases. This Diploma Thesis deals with the treatment of two related conditions. There are many groups of drugs on the market of which five that represent anxiolytics and antidepressants have been selected. Antidepressants discussed are: desipramine, selegiline, escitalopram, bupropion and tianeptine. Furthermore, anxiolytics discussed are: alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam and nitrazepam. Structures, properties and the mechanisms of action have been described to the drugs named above. In addition to these drugs, alternative solutions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy have been offered. Atypical antipsychotics and cannabinoids from the cannabis plant sativa special CBD can also serve as an alternative