Medieval Military Orders' legacy and heritage on Middle Adriatic Coast

Viteški redovi tema su koja već stoljećima pobuđuje veliko zanimanje među istraživačima, kako u svijetu, tako i kod nas. Obavijeni velom mističnosti, obilježili su srednji vijek i postali nepresušno vrelo raznih mitova i legendi od njihovih osnutaka krajem XI. stoljeća pa sve do današnjih dana. Kako razaznati što je stvarna činjenica, a što samo preuzeta pučka pričanja? To je jedan od najvećih problema kada je u pitanju tema poput viteških redova. Literature nema puno, izvora još manje, ali ono što je uspjelo ostati zabilježeno raspliće jednu nadasve zanimljivu povijest ovih redova na našem području. Ovaj rad bavi se evaluacijom literature vezane uz viteške redove u Hrvatskoj, konkretnije, viteških redova na području srednjeg Jadrana te problematikom njihove povijesnoumjetničke ostavštine na tom prostoru. Prvotna ideja rada bila je popisati srednjovjekovnu kulturnu baštinu ovih redova na srednjem Jadranu, no kroz istraživanje izvora i literature naišla sam na problem da konkretne baštine zapravo skoro da i nema. Za razliku od kontinentalne Hrvatske gdje je prisutnost i aktivnost viteških redova puno očitija (i obrađenija), o njihovom djelovanju na Jadranu se puno manje zna. Zato će ovaj rad predstaviti pregled djelovanja templara i ivanovaca na Jadranu (i u svijetu i Hrvatskoj općenito) od njihova dolaska početkom XII. stoljeća, pa sve do njihova nestanka krajem XVI. stoljeća te dati podlogu za neka buduća istraživanja temeljena na već poznatoj i objavljenoj literaturi. Uz to, u radu će biti prikazane osnovne značajke arhitekture samih redova i koje se sve specifičnosti javljaju u oblikovanju pojedinih arhitektonskih elemenata. Nadalje, ono što je i temelj ovoga rada, pokušat ću valorizirati i kritički se osvrnuti na literaturu i na prednosti i nedostatke s kojima sam se kroz nju susrela tijekom istraživanja. Također, ključan dio rada biti će i dio koji se nadovezuje na kritiku literature, a predstavlja problematiku povijesnoumjetničke baštine redova na području srednjeg Jadrana gdje ću pokušati ukazati na problem nedostatka materijalnih ostataka vezanih za viteške redove na mnogobrojnim srednjojadranskim lokalitetima te ću valorizirati ono što je uspjelo ostati sačuvano do danas.Military orders are a topic that has aroused great interest among researchers for centuries, both in the world and in our country. Shrouded in a veil of mysticism, they marked the Middle Ages and became an inexhaustible source of various myths and legends since their foundation at the end of the 11th century. century until today. How to distinguish what is a real fact and what is just a popular rumor? This is one of the biggest problems when it comes to a topic like knighthoods. There is not much literature, even fewer sources, but what has been recorded unravels a particularly interesting history of these lines in our area. This paper deals with the evaluation of the literature related to the knightly orders in Croatia, more specifically, the knightly orders in the area of ​​the middle Adriatic and the issue of their historical-artistic legacy in that area. The original idea of ​​the work was to list the medieval cultural heritage of these orders in the central Adriatic, but through the research of sources and literature I came across the problem that there is almost no concrete heritage. In contrast to continental Croatia, where the presence and activity of knightly orders is much more obvious (and more elaborated), much less is known about their activities in the Adriatic. That is why this paper will present an overview of the activities of the Templars and Ivano-Frankfurts in the Adriatic (both in the world and in Croatia in general) since their arrival at the beginning of the 12th century. century, until their disappearance at the end of the 16th century, and provide a basis for some future research based on already known and published literature. In addition, the paper will present the basic features of the architecture of the rows themselves and the specifics that appear in the design of individual architectural elements. Furthermore, what is the basis of this work, I will try to valorize and look critically at the literature and the advantages and disadvantages that I encountered during the research. Also, a key part of the paper will be the part that builds on the literature criticism, and represents the problem of the historical-artistic heritage of the orders in the area of ​​the central Adriatic, where I will try to point out the problem of the lack of material remains related to the knightly orders in numerous central Adriatic localities, and I will valorize what has succeeded remain preserved to this day