PHILOSOPHY AND MOTIVATION IN CRIME AND PUNISHMENT BY F. M. DOSTOEVSKY

U ovom radu analiziraju se filozofija i motivacija u romanu Zločin i kazna Fjodora Mihajloviča Dostojevskog. Razmatrajući odnos Dostojevskog prema filozofskim pravcima njegova vremena, ukazuje se na specifičnost poimanja slobode kod ovog autora. Iako ga je uvriježeno promatrati kroz prizmu njegova afirmativnog odnosa prema pravoslavnoj vjeri, pritom uzimajući u obzir stavove prema socijalizmu, Rimokatoličkoj crkvi i Zapadu, odnos prema Nietzscheu također je važan za razumijevanje njegova djela. Uspoređujući rad Dostojevskog i Nietzschea, dva velika imena svog vremena, postaje očito da je Dostojevski, iako je imao oprečne stavove, bio fasciniran idejom o nadčovjeku koja se tematizira u njegovu romanu Zločin i kazna, u sklopu filozofske motivacije glavnog lika. Na tu raspravu nadovezuje se prikaz slobode kod Dostojevskog. Primjerima iz romana ukazuje se na načine na koje sloboda utječe na pojedine likove. Analizom triju najvažnijih sporednih likova u romanu: Porfirija, Svidrigajlova i Sonje, razotkriva se psihološki i filozofski put koji je Raskoljnikov morao prijeći da bi došao do vlastitog spasenja.This paper analyzes the philosophy and motivation in the novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky's relationship with the philosophical directions of his time points to the specific idea of freedom in his thinking. Although it is customary to study Dostoevsky in relation to his affirmative views of the Orthodox church, along with his views on socialism, the Catholic church and the West, his relationship with Nietzsche is also imporant in order to better understand his works. By comparing the works of Dostoevsky and Nietzsche, two great names of their time, it's clear that Dostoevsky, although of opposing views, finds Nietzsche's idea of the Superman fascinating and uses it as the main character's philosophical motivation in his novel Crime and Punishment. This idea resonates with Dostoevsky's views on freedom. This paper shows, through examples from the novel, how freedom affects certain characters. By analyzing the three most important side characters in the novel: Porfiriy, Svidrigailov and Sonya, the paper points to the psychological and philosophical path that Raskolnikov must take in order to obtain his salvation