The Effect of Classical and Ultrasonically Assisted Maceration on the Content of Cannabidiol and Cannabidiol Acid from Industrial Hemp Inflorescences

Industrijska konoplja (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) je biljka s dugom tradicijom primjene u medicinske, farmaceutske i prehrambene svrhe te kao sirovina za proizvodnju različitih materijala. Posljednjih godina postala je predmet interesa brojnih znanstvenika zbog visokog udjela bioaktivnih spojeva-kanabinoida. Izolacija različitih skupina bioaktivnih spojeva iz biljnih materijala se primjenjivala još u drevnim civilizacijama i danas se koristi u gotovo svim sferama prehrambene, farmaceutske i kozmetičke industrije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj različitih otapala pri klasičnoj i ultrazvukom potpomognutoj maceraciji na iskorištenje i sadržaj bioaktivnih spojeva, točnije kanabidiola (CBD) i kanabidiolne kiseline (CBDA) iz cvatova industrijske konoplje. Kao otapala u procesu ekstrakcije korišteno je osam komercijalno dostupnih hladno prešanih biljnih ulja badema, sezama, jojobe, argana, sjemenki grožđa, konoplje, avokada i marelice. U ekstraktima su primjenom tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti s detektorom niza dioda (HPLC-DAD) identificirani i kvantificirani CBD, u rasponu od 0,04 % do 0,66 % te CBDA u rasponu od 0,21 % do 2,21 %. Analizirani kanabinoidi su pokazali najbolju topljivost u hladno prešanom ulju jojobe. Antiradikalna aktivnost je određena DPPH metodom i utvrđeno je da svi ispitani uzorci pokazuju antioksidativno djelovanje pri čemu se udio inhibicije DPPH radikala kretao od 91,281 % do 99,903 %.Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) is a plant with a long tradition of use for medical, pharmaceutical and food purposes and as a raw material for the production of various materials. In recent years, it has become the subject of interest of many scientists due to the high content of bioactive compounds-cannabinoids. Isolation of different groups of bioactive compounds from plant materials has been applied since ancient civilizations and is used today in almost all spheres of the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of different solvents during classic and ultrasound-assisted maceration on the utilization and content of bioactive compounds, specifically cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiol acid (CBDA) from the inflorescences of industrial hemp. Eight commercially available cold-pressed vegetable oils of almond, sesame, jojoba, argan, grape seed, hemp, avocado and apricot were used as solvents in the extraction process. CBD, in the range of 0.04% to 0.66% and CBDA in the range of 0.21% to 2.21%, were identified and quantified in the extracts using high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The analyzed cannabinoids showed the best solubility in cold-pressed jojoba oil. The antiradical activity was investigated using the DPPH method and it was determined that all tested samples showed antioxidant activity, with the share of DPPH radical inhibition ranging from 91.281% to 99.903%