Juvenile gingivitis and periodontitis

Uvod: juvenilni gingivitis i parodontitis upalne su promjene u parodontnom tkivu ograničene na gingivu, ali prodiru i u dublja područja parodontnog tkiva te je zbog toga važno poznavati njihove uzroke i simptome. Postupci: literatura koja je korištena dostupna je na internetskim stranicama Medline, Scopus, Embasa te PubMed. Jednako tako, za izradu ovoga rada korištene su i druge internetske stranice, kao i knjiga Pedodoncija. Sva prikupljena literatura nije starija od pet godina, a pisana je na engleskom i na hrvatskom jeziku. Prikaz teme: juvenilni gingivitis upala je desni kod djece i adolescenata. Patologija u ranoj dobi javlja se na oralnoj površini zuba, dok se patologija u pubertetskom razdoblju javlja zbog nedovoljne oralne higijene. Termin parodontitis opisuje postojeći upalni proces koji uključuje dublje dijelove parodontnog tkiva uz gubitak potpornih dijelova zuba. Bolest je popraćena sa jako malo simptoma i pacijent se mora osloniti na profesionalnu dijagnozu. Dijagnoza je primarno bazirana na mjerenju dubine parodontinih džepova, gubitku pričvrstka i/ili gubitku marginalne kosti koji se procjenjuje na rendgenogramu. Zaključak: održavanje parodontnog zdravlja mora biti zajednička zadaća djeteta, roditelja, doktora dentalne medicine, ali i dentalnih higijeničara. Redovitim parodontološkim pregledima u sklopu općeg pregleda, doktor dentalne medicine ima mogućnost na vrijeme uočiti i spriječiti pojavu parodontnih oboljenja poput juvenilnog gingivitisa i parodontitisa.Introduction: juvenile gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory changes in the periodontal tissue limited to the gingiva, but they also penetrate deeper areas of periodontal tissue and it is therefore important to know their causes and symptoms. Procedures: the literature used is available on the websites Medline, Scopus, Embasa and PubMed. Other websites as well as book Pedodoncija were used to write this paper. All collected literature is not older than five years and is written in English and Croatian. Topic overview: juvenile gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums in children and adolescents. Pathology at an early age occurs on the oral surface of the tooth, while the pathology in puberty occurs due to insufficient oral hygiene. The term periodontitis describes an existing inflammatory process that involves deeper parts of periodontal tissue with the loss of supporting parts of the tooth. The disease is accompanied by few symptoms and the patient must rely on a professional diagnosis. Diagnosis is primarily based on the measurement of a periodontal pocket depth, attachment loss, and/or marginal bone loss, which is evaluated on the radiograph. Conclusion: maintaining periodontal health must be a common task of the child, parents, dentists, but also dental hygienists. With regular periodontal examinations as part of the general examination, the dentist has the opportunity to detect it on time and prevent the occurrence of periodontal diseases such as juvenile gingivitis and periodontitis