Appearance of mycotoxins in maize grain on the territory of the Rpublic of Croatia from 2018. to 2021.

Mikotoksini su sekundarni metaboliti plijesni koji kontaminiraju različite usjeve diljem svijeta i mogu uzrokovati različite vrste bolesti u ljudi i životinja te učiniti velike štete u gospodarstvu. Glavni cilj diplomskog rada bio je analizirati sadržaj mikotoksina na zrnu kukuruza unazad nekoliko godina. Za tu svrhu korišteni su podaci Hrvatske agencije za poljoprivredu i hranu za sadržaj mikotoksina aflatoksin B1, deoksinivalenon (DON) i zearalenon u uzorcima zrna kukuruza za razdoblje od 2018. do 2021. godine. Analizirani su uzorci zrna kukuruza s cijelog područje Republike Hrvatske i podijeljeni po županijama. Ukupno je obrađeno 576 uzoraka zrna kukuruza za aflatoksin B1, 180 za DON i 175 za zearalenon. Tijekom promatranog razdoblja rastao je broj analiziranih uzoraka (s 45 u 2018. do 251 u 2021. godine). U većini uzoraka detektirani su svi analizirani mikotoksini, no manji broj zrna kukuruza je bio zdravstveno neispravan prema sadržaju mikotoksina i to 10,0% za aflatoksin B1, 3,3% za DON i 10,2% za zearalenon. Zbog promjene klime očekuje se povećani sadržaja mikotoksina te iz toga razloga raste i potreba za kontrolom zdravstvene ispravnosti zrna kukuruza.Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds that contaminate various crops around the world and can cause various types of diseases in humans and animals, resulting in major economic losses. The main goal of the thesis was to analyze the content of mycotoxins in corn grains for several years. For this purpose, the data of the Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food is used for the content of mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenone (DON) and zearalenone in corn grain samples for the period from 2018 to 2021. Maize grain samples from the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia were analyzed and divided by county. A total of 576 corn grain samples were processed for aflatoxin B1, 180 for DON and 175 for zearalenone. During the observed period, the number of analyzed samples grew (from 45 in 2018 to 251 in 2021). All analysed mycotoxins were detected in the majority of samples, but a smaller number of maize grains were unhealthy according to the mycotoxin content in samples 10% for aflatoxin B1, 3.33% for DON, and 10.2% for zearalenone. With climate change, the content of mycotoxins is could increase, so the need to monitor the health safety of maize grain is increased