Sāṃkhya and Yoga: Historical development and comparison

Rad se bavi povijesnim razvojem dvaju filozofskih sistema u Indiji: sāṃkhyi i yogi. S obzirom na to da se sāṃkhya i yoga u povijesti indijske filozofije često prikazuju kao jedan sistem, cilj rada je prikazati kako su ti sistemi nastajali i u kojim djelima su prisutni začetci njihovih misli i ideja, te na kraju kako je došlo do njihova izdvajanja u dva zasebna filozofska sistema. U prvom dijelu rada nakon kratkog prikaza indijske filozofije, objašnjen je sam pojam riječi sāṃkhya i njeni rani izvori, potom slijedi prikaz proto-sāṃkhye i razvoj klasičnog sistema sāṃkhye. U drugom dijelu rada prikazan je začetak yoge u sāṃkhya-yogi –razdoblje u kojem je bilo teško odrediti koji filozofski aspekt pripada sāṃkhyi, a koji yogi te sam klasični sistem yoge. Zadnji dio rada predstavlja razradu razlika između ta dva sistema.ABSTRACT: The paper discusses the historical development of two philosophical systems in India: sāṃkhya and yoga. Since sāṃkhya and yoga are often regarded as one system in the history of Indian philosophy, the goal of this paper is to determine how these systems came to be, from which works their ideas and thoughts are sourced, and how they separated into two distinct philosophical systems. The first part of this paper is a short review of Indian philosophy, with explanations of the word sāṃkhya and its early sources, after which we analyze proto-sāṃkhya and the development of the classical sāṃkhya system. The second part presents the origins of yoga in the sāṃkhya-yoga period – when it wa s hard to distinguish which philosophical aspects belonged to sāṃkhya and which to yoga, and the classical yoga system. The last part presents the differences between these two systems