Graphic art techniques in the lower grades of primary school

Pojam grafika (grčki graphein – pisati,francuski graver - urezivati) obuhvaća tehničko i likovno područje otiskivanja. Za razliku od slikarskih tehnika koje podrazumijevaju samo podlogu i boje, grafičke tehnike podrazumijevaju izradu matrice s kojih se crtež/slika otiskuje na papir ili drugu podlogu. Njihova primjena započinje još u predškolskom odgoju, a proteže se kroz cijelu osnovnu školu na nastavi likovne kulture. Primjena tehnike ovisi o uzrastu djeteta, pa se tako u predškolskom odgoju i nižim razredima koriste najjednostavnije grafičke tehnike, a u višim razredima osnovne škole nešto kompliciranije koje zahtijevaju i veći napor. Idealne su za razvoj djetetovih sposobnosti jer omogućuju istraživanje i upoznavanje djeteta s brojnim pojmovima kao što je oblik, kontrast, veličina, debljina, položaj u prostoru i slično. Također, omogućuju iskazivanje djetetove kreativnosti i zainteresiranosti, ali i priliku za stjecanje radnih navika uz učenje i igru. Ovaj rad istražuje grafičke tehnike u radu s djecom u nižim razredima osnovne škole. Prvi dio rada odnosi se na općeniti pojam grafike i podjelu grafičkih tehnika. U drugom dijelu opisane su grafičke tehnike te postupci izrade istih, a treći dio rada odnosi se na opisivanje grafičkih tehnika u nižim razredima osnovne škole uz primjere dječjih radova. Cilj rada je istražiti grafičke tehnike koje se upotrebljavaju u osnovnoj školi te njihove postupke i značaj u radu s djecom u nižim razredima osnovne škole.The term graphics (Greek graphein - to write, French graver - to engrave) encompasses the technical and artistic field of printing. Unlike painting techniques, which involve only the background and colors, graphic techniques involve creating a matrix from which the drawing / image is printed on paper or other background. Their application begins in preschool education, and extends throughout the primary school in the teaching of art culture. The application of the technique depends on the age of the child, so in preschool and lower grades the simplest graphic techniques are used, and in the upper grades of primary school somewhat more complicated ones that require more effort. They are ideal for the development of the child's abilities because they allow the child to explore and get acquainted with numerous concepts such as shape, contrast, size, thickness, position in space and the like. They also provide an expression of the child's creativity and interest, but also an opportunity to acquire work habits through learning and play. This paper explores graphic techniques in working with children in the lower grades of primary school. The first part of the paper deals with the general concept of graphics and the division of graphic techniques. The second part describes graphic techniques and procedures for making them, and the third part of the paper refers to the description of graphic techniques in the lower grades of primary school with examples of children's work. The aim of this paper is to investigate the graphic techniques used in primary school and their procedures and significance in working with children in the lower grades of primary school