Development of Vocal Abilities of Early and Preschool Children

Razvoj vokalnih sposobnosti počinje već u prvoj godini djetetova života. Dijete koristi glas za komunikaciju s okolinom, ali i imitaciju zvukova koje čuje oko sebe. U dobi od dvije godine dijete počinje spontano pjevušiti usporedno s razvojem govora i vokabulara. U vrtićkoj dobi djeca jako napreduju u razvoju pjevačkog glasa zbog čega je potrebno obratiti pozornost na njegovo pravilno razvijanje i korištenje. Predškolski uzrast djece već može osjećati harmoniju te ima dobre kognitivne sposobnosti za upamćivanje teksta jednostavnijih pjesmica. U ovom radu opisani su anatomija pjevačkog aparata, muške, ženske i dječje glasovne vrste te dobne karakteristike i razvoj pjevačkoga glasa kod djeteta. Prikazani su rezultati provedenog istraživanja opsega dječjeg glasa koji ukazuju na to da ne postoji razlika u opsegu glasa s obzirom na spol i prebivalište djeteta.The development of vocal abilities begins in the first year of a child's life. The child uses the voice to communicate with the environment, but also to imitate the sound he hears around him. At the age of two, the child begins to hum spontaneously in parallel with the development of speech and vocabulary. In kindergarten, children make a lot of progress in the development of the singing voice and it is necessary to pay attention to its proper development and use. Preschool children are already able to feel harmony and have good cognitive abilities to memorize the lyrics of simpler songs. This paper describes the anatomy of the singing apparatus, male, female and children's vocal types, as well as the good characteristics and development of the singing voice in a child. The results of the conducted research on the volume of children's voices are presented, which indicate that there is no difference in the volume of voices with regard to the sex and residence of the child