ADMISSIBILITY AND EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

Cilj ovog rada prije svega je prikaz dopuštenih dokaza prema parničnom postupku te prikaz načina ocjenjivanja dokaza. No, prije toga, u početnim poglavljima prikazuju se metode utvrđivanja činjenica. Među te metode ubrajaju se priznanje činjenica, zakonske presumpcije, notorne činjenice te dokazivanje. Nakon tog poglavlja slijedi poglavlje o dokazima. Prema parničnom postupku, u dokaze koji se smiju koristiti taksativno su nabrojeni uviđaj, isprave, svjedoci, vještaci te saslušanje stranaka. Kod nedopuštenih dokaza postoje klasifikacije pa tako razlikujemo opće i posebne zabrane, apsolutne i relativne, otklonjive i neotklonjive te izravne i posredne. Kako u Zakonu o parničnom postupku nije postojala odredba o nedopuštenim dokazima, sve do posljednje izmjene iz 2022. godine, ona se izvodila iz Ustava Republike Hrvatske te iz Zakona o kaznenom postupku. Ocjena dokaza provodi se na način da sud prema svom uvjerenju ocjenjuje koje činjenice će uzeti kao dokazane, na temelju savjesne ocjene svakog od pojedinačnog dokaza zasebno te tih istih dokaza zajedno. Upravo to proizlazi iz Zakona o parničnom postupku i to iz članka 8. U slučaju kada ne postoje posebna pravila koja bi se primijenila na relevantni dokaz, sudac će prema svom uvjerenju procijeniti važnost svakog dokaza i svake činjenice.The goal of this paper is first of all the presentation of admissible evidence according to the civil procedure and presentation of the method of evaluation of evidence. But before that, the opening chapters present the methods of establishing the facts. These methods include recognition of facts, legal presumptions, notorious facts and proof. This chapter is followed by a chapter on evidence. According to the civil procedure, the evidence that may be used includes the investigation, documents, witnesses, experts and the hearing of the parties. There are classifications for inadmissible evidence, so we distinguish between general and special prohibitions, absolute and relative, removable and non-removable, and direct and indirect. Since there was no provision on inadmissible evidence in the Civil Procedure Act, until the last amendment in 2022, it was derived from the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the Criminal Procedure Act. The evaluation of the evidence is carried out in such a way that the court, according to its conviction, evaluates which facts it will take as proven, based on a conscientious evaluation of each individual piece of evidence separately and of these same pieces of evidence together. This is precisely what follows from the Civil Procedure Act and from Article 8. In the case where there are no special rules that would be applied to the relevant evidence, the judge will assess the importance of each piece of evidence and each fact according to his conviction