Family and Developmental Correlates of Gender Roles Adoption of the Early and Preschool Age Children

Pri rođenju djeteta uočljive su određene anatomske i fiziološke razlike koje određuju spol djeteta. Odgojem i odrastanje u primarnoj i sekundarnoj socijalizaciji djeca postaju rodno osviješteni. Dijete vrlo rano razvija sposobnost razlikovanja muških i ženskih kategorija. Promatrajući i oponašajući odrasle djeca počinju usvajati rodne uloge te razvijati rodni identitet. Rodni identitet omogućava djetetu stvaranje slike o sebi samom u odnosu na karakteristike koje se smatraju odgovarajućima za muškarca i ženu. Razvoj rodnog identiteta je vrlo važan temelj emocionalnog razvoja djeteta, međutim odrasli često povezuju predmete, aktivnosti, igre, odjeću te osobine s biološkim spolom i kulturnim stereotipima roda te na taj način utječu na pojavu rodno tipiziranih ponašanja kod djece. Prisutnost razlika između očeva i majki u rodnim ulogama utječe na usvajanje istih kod djece, stoga važnu ulogu o odgoju djece imaju roditelji i odgajatelji. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi postoji li poveznica između roditeljskih stavova o tipičnim rodnim ulogama s obzirom na dob, stupanj obrazovanja roditelja te mjesto stanovanja. Upitnikom je ispitano 255 roditelja djece rane i predškolske dobi, a rezultati pokazuju kako stupanj obrazovanja i dob ispitanika ne utječu na stavove o rodnim ulogama njihove djece. Međutim, varijable životna sredina i spol roditelja pokazale su utjecaj na njihove stavove o rodnom ulogama djece.At the birth of a child, certain anaromical and physiological differences are noticeable that indicate/determine the sex of the child. By raising and growing up in primary and secondary socialization, children become gender aware. The child develops the ability to distinguish between male and female categories very early. By observing and imitating adult, children begin to adopt gender roles and develop a gender identity. Gender identity allows the child to create an image of himself in relation to the characteristics that are considered appropriate for men and woman. Gender identity development is a very important foundation of a child´s emotional development, but adults often associate objects, activities, games, clothing and traits with biological sex and cultural stereotypes of gender and thus influence the emergence of gender-typified behaviors in childern. The presence of differences between fathers and mothers in gender roles influence their adoption in children, so parents and early and preschool educatiors play an important role in raising children. The aim of this study was to detemine whether there is a link between parents attitudes abput typical gender roleswith regard to age, parents level of education, and place of residence. The questionnaire surveyed 255 parents of early and preschool children, and the results show that the level of education and the age of the respondents do not affect their attitudes about the gender roles of their children. However, the variables environment and gender of parents showed an impact on their attitudes about children’s gender roles