Gender and Sex Categories in the Croatian Language

Hrvatski jezik razlikuje tri gramatička roda kojima izraţava imenice. Kako bi se definirali pojmovi mocije, mocijske tvorbe i mocijskih parnjaka, u radu se prvo odreĎuje značenje pojmova roda i spola. Mocijski parnjaci imenice su izraţene u ţenskome i muškome rodu s razlikom u spolu. MeĎutim, nazivi za zanimanja često su izraţeni samo u jednome (muškome) rodu, a ţenski oblik u rječnicima nije zapisan. Tijekom povijest ţenski nazivi za zanimanja nisu ni postojali, a uzrok je tomu bio poloţaj ţena u društvu i na trţištu rada. Društvene promjene i uključivanje ţena u trţište rada uzrokom su češće pojave ţenskih naziva za zanimanja u rječnicima. Ovaj rad razmatra ravnopravnost prikaza naziva za zanimanja u Školskom rječniku hrvatskoga jezika. Provjerava se jesu li profesijske imenice izraţene ravnopravno muškim i ţenskim mocijskim parnjacima te ukazuje na uočene neuravnoteţenosti u oblikovanju pojedinih definicija u rječničkim natuknicama.The Croatian language distinguishes three grammatical genders used to express nouns. In order to define the concepts of motion, motal word formation and motion pairs, the paper will first determine the meaning of gender and sex and the differences between these terms. Motion pairs are nouns expressed in the feminine and masculine gender. However, names for occupations are often expressed in only one (masculine) gender, and the dictionaries do not contain the feminine form. Throughout history, feminine titles for occupational terms did not even exist, considering their position in society and in the labor market. Social changes and the inclusion of women in the labor market are the cause of more frequent occurrences of female names for occupations in dictionaries. This paper examines the equality in presenting occupational terms in the School Dictionary of the Croatian language (Školski rječnik hrvatskoga jezika). It is checked whether occupational nouns are expressed equally with male and female motion counterparts. Observed imbalances in the formation of individual definitions in the dictionary entries are pointed out