Eating disorders as a Public Health Problem

U Hrvatskoj čak oko 40 000 osoba boluje od poremećaja prehrane, te prema tome možemo zaključiti da su poremećaji prehrane kao javnozdravstveni problem vrlo zastupljeni i izraženi. Poremećaji prehrane javljaju se kontinuirano – osoba pada u „vrtlog“ gladovanja, prejedanja, povraćanja te zlouporabe laksativa. Najveću prepreku predstavlja činjenica da osoba nije svjesna ozbiljnosti problema. Uzrok nastanka poremećaja prehrane nije poznat. Najpoznatiji poremećaji prehrane u adolescentnoj dobi su anoreksija, bulimija te se u zadnje vrijeme sve veća pažnja pridaje kompulzivnom prejedanju. Poremećaji prehrane koji se javljaju u dječjoj dobi su: ekstremna izbirljivost, pika, infantilna anoreksija, opstipacija, proljev, mršavost i pretilost. U najčešće nespecifične poremećaje ubrajamo: pregoreksiju, ortoreksiju, diabulimiju i drunkoreksiju. Uloga medicinske sestre je vrlo važna u edukaciji pacijenta i njegove obitelji, prevenciji poremećaja, osvješćivanju pacijenta o ozbiljnosti problema, praćenju zdravstvenog stanja te pružanju podrške. Najvažniji je holistički pristup prema pacijentu. Prevencija se provodi kako bi smanjili komplikacije i posljedice poremećaja, utjecali na ozbiljnost situacije i spriječili sam nastanak poremećaja. Ukoliko se na vrijeme otkrije, možemo spriječiti napredovanje poremećaja i razvoj zdravstvenih problema. Cilj završnog rada je prikazati poremećaje prehrane, etiologiju njihovih nastanaka te njihovo liječenje i prevenciju.In Croatia, more than 40,000 people suffer from eating disorders, based on the conclusion that eating disorders as a public health problem are very common and pronounced. Eating disorders occur continuously - a person falls into a "vortex" of starvation, overeating, vomiting and abuse of laxatives. The biggest obstacle is the fact that the person is not aware of the seriousness of the problem. The cause of the eating disorder is unknown. The most well-known eating disorders in adolescence are anorexia, bulimia, and recently more and more attention has been paid to compulsive overeating. Eating disorders that occur in childhood are: extreme pickiness, pimples, infantile anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, thinness and obesity. The most common non-specific disorders include: pregorexia, orthorexia, diabulimia and druncorexia. The function of the nurse is very important in educating the patient and his family, preventing disorders, making the patient aware of the seriousness of the problem, monitoring the health condition and providing support. The most important is a holistic approach to the patient. Prevention is being implemented to reduce the complications and consequences of the disorder, affect the severity of the situation and prevent the occurrence of the disorder itself. If it is detected in time, we can prevent the progression of the disorder and the development of health problems. The aim of the this final work is to present eating disorders, the etiology of their occurrence and their treatment and prevention