Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure

Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure Gabrielle Metoyer Department of Nursing, Otterbein University NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Deanna Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar August 5, 2022 Abstract According to the CDC (2020), heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is an epidemic disease affecting 1-2% of the population worldwide (Schwinger, 2020). It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an estimated 6.5 million adults with heart failure in the United States (Lo et al., 2021). Medical advances have increased the survival of those diagnosed with heart failure (Lerman, et al., 2019a) leading to an increased prevalence of those with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing non-cardiac surgeries (Smilowitz et. al., 2018). Patients with existing heart failure undergoing surgery are at an increased risk for major cardiovascular complications such as death, myocardial infarctions, and stroke (Smilowitz, et al., 2018). The attached poster explores defining heart failure, the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment of heart failure. Due to the increased risks of morbidity and mortality associated with patients with heart failure in the perioperative period, nursing and perioperative considerations are also discussed. References Heart Failure. (2020). CDC. Retrieved July 22, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/heart_failure.htm Lerman, B. J., Popat, R. A., Assimes, T. L., Heidenreich, P. A., & Wren, S. M. (2019a). Association between heart failure and postoperative mortality among patients undergoing ambulatory noncardiac surgery. JAMA Surg, 154(10), 907-914. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2110 Lo, P. H., Chang, C. C., Yeh, C. C., Sung, L. C., Cherng, Y. G., Chen, T. L., & Liao, C. C. (2021). Adverse outcomes after non-cardiac surgeries in patients with heart failure: A propensity-score matched study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(7), 1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071501 Schwinger, R. (2021). Pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 11(1), 263-276. https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/cdt-10-302 Smilowitz, N. R., Gupta, N., Guo, Y., Beckman, J. A., Bangalore, S., Berger, J. S. (2018). Trends in cardiovascular risk factor and disease prevalence in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 104(14), 1180-1186. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-201731239