A cybersafety educational framework for primary school learners in South Africa

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have made life much easier for many people but have also brought many dangers to the world. School learners are amongst the users of ICT who are becoming cyber citizens. This age is good at exploring new things, with a growing number of school learners having access to ICT devices, such as mobile phones, tablets and desktop computers. This is due to the affordability of mobile phones, which they normally receive as gifts from their parents. Due to easy access of ICT, school learners can now access cyberspace which offers them many advantages and benefits. Such advantages and benefits include having a platform to socialise, improved and ease of access to information as well as improving their learning. Despite these benefits, school learners (primary school learners in particular) are prone to falling victim to a range of cyber risks and attacks since cyberspace is an unregulated platform that poses many potential dangers Common cybersafety threats associated with school learners include cyberbullying, sexting/“sextortion”, engaging with strangers, accessing inappropriate content and being exposed to a breach of privacy. Because the cybersafety of children, especially primary school learners, is often compromised, there is a need to protect them from the threats associated with ICT. However, protecting children from the aforementioned cybersafety threats is complicated because access to cyberspace is no longer confined to the home computer, but has extended to mobile phones, which are even more pervasive. Therefore, it is essential for school learners to be educated on how to protect themselves and their information in the virtual computer world. A number of developed countries like Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK) have included cybersafety education in their school curricula. Similarly, the rapid growth of the Internet around the world, allowed some countries in Africa to take the initiative to start implementing cybersafety education in schools including Mauritius, Tunisia, Kenya, Ghana, Mozambique, Cameroon, Egypt and Rwanda. Countries like Uganda, Sudan, Morocco and South Africa are still facing challenges in this aspect. This study is focused on the cybersafety of primary school learners in the South African context