The Relationships Between Physical Environmental Conditions of House with Pneumonia Incidence on Children Under Five Years, in the Working Area of Ngesrep Health Centre, Semarang City

Pneumonia is the main cause of infant mortality in the world. Every year there are 9 million total infant deaths where more than 2 million children under five years old die from pneumonia. Child mortality due to pneumonia in Indonesia amounted to 1.19%. In 2013, the city of Semarang got the highest incidence of pneumonia that found in Puskesmas Ngesrep Semarang City in the amount of 379 cases. One of the risk factors pneumonia in children under five years old is the physical environment of the house. This study aims to determine the relationship between the physical environment home with pneumonia on infants in Puskesmas Ngesrep Semarang. This research uses an observational, analytical study with a case-control study. The sample in this study amounted to 82 toddlers aged 12-59 months consisting of 41 cases, and 41 controls were carried out at a variable matching age and sex of children. Chi-square test used as data analysis with 95% confidence level. The results showed that among 9 independent variables studied, there are 5 variables associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants, it was widely ventilation (p = 0.026; OR = 3.041), temperature (p = 0.008; OR = 3.776), lighting (p = 0.006; OR = 4.117), humidity (p = 0.023; OR = 3.255), and population density (p = 0.007; OR = 3.850). From this study, we can conclude that house physical environmental conditions associated with the incidence in infant's pneumonia consists of ventilation, temperature, lighting, humidity, and population density. Keywords: Physical environment of the house; pneumonia; children under five yea