KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN DI LIMA NEGARA APEC: ANALISIS DATA PANEL 2015-2020

This study aimed to estimate the effect of labor force, inflation, exchange rate, and money supply growth on trade openness in five APEC countries from 2015-2020 using a panel data regression with the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) approach. The results of this study indicated that inflation was proven to have a positive effect, and exchange rate had a negative effect on trade openness, while labor force and money supply growth had no effect on trade openness. To increase trade openness in the five APEC countries, the governments of each country, especially Indonesia, are expected to improve overall economic performance. In addition, economic relations between APEC countries must be maintained and improved in order to increase international trade and make it easier for labors in APEC countries to work in other countries within the APEC region