Politic of Taxation to Promote National Competitiveness of Shipping Industry in Indonesia: Quo Vadis

Shipping industries are important pillars to develop Indonesia into a global maritime axis. However, the current tax policies formulated by the government for shipping industry show lack of support to the national shipping companies. The formulated policies tend to benefit International shipping companies more than national shipping companies. Some of these policies are among others: a) no VAT levies for use of containers by International shipping companies, b) non-equal VAT treatment on port services, and c) presumptive scheduler taxation rates based on old Income Tax regime which has relatively high income tax rates. The main objective of this research is to evaluate tax policy on the shipping industries in Indonesia. In addition, this research also does a comparative analysis aiming to increase the productivity of national shipping companies – using South Korea tax policy as a comparison. The final goal of this research is to provide a policy outline for the government in formulating or reconstructing tax policies aimed to develop national shipping industry. State of the art of this research is to make the taxation politic as a new paradigm in analyzing problems. The benefit of this paradigm is in its ability to dissect the root causes on taxation substantial aspects, because actually a policy is a political product. The analysis results show absence of political platform (which should be clear and unequivocal) in the current taxation policies on shipping industry – which tend to be reactively constructed, is not supportive to the development of, or even in some instances discriminatory against, national shipping industries. It is recommended that the government immediately formulate the politic of taxation which is favoring national shipping industry. And, distorting taxation policy need to be revised in order not to impede competitiveness in the shipping industry.     Keywords: shipping, maritime, tax policy, value added tax, national competitivenes