Integrating physical and economic data into experimental water accounts for the United States: Lessons and opportunities

Water management increasingly involves tradeoffs, making its accounting highly relevant in our interconnected world. Physical and economic data about water in many nations are becoming more widely integrated through application of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounts for Water (SEEA-Water), which enables the tracking of linkages between water and the economy. We present the first national and subnational SEEA-Water accounts for the United States. We compile accounts for water: (1) physical supply and use, (2) productivity, (3) quality, and (4) emissions for roughly the years 2000 to 2015. Total U.S. water use declined by 22% from 2000 to 2015, falling in 44 states though groundwater use increased in 21 states. Water-use reductions, combined with economic growth, led to increases in water productivity for the overall national economy (65%), mining (99%), and agriculture (68%). Surface-water quality trends were most evident at regional levels, and differed by waterquality constituent and region. This work provides (1) a baseline of recent historical water resource trends and their value in the U.S., and (2) a roadmap for the completion of future accounts for water, a critical ecosystem service. Our work also aids in the interpretation of ecosystem accounts in the context of long-term water resources trends.This work was conducted as a part of the “Accounting for U.S. Ecosystem Services at National and Subnational Scales” working group supported by the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under funding received from the National Science Foundation (grant DBI-1052875) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis (grant GX16EW00ECSV00). We thank members of the working group for constructive discussions of the scope and content of U.S. water accounts and reviews of this manuscript. We thank the following individuals for assistance with data access and interpretation: Cheryl Dieter, Carey Johnston, John Lovelace, Molly Maupin, Gary Rowe, and Lori Sprague. Support for Bagstad and Ancona’s time was provided by the USGS Land Change Science Program