Geometry effect in multi‑step crossflow microfluidic devices for red blood cells separation and deformability assessment

The efficient separation of blood components using microfluidic systems can help to improve the detection and diagnosis of several diseases, such as malaria and diabetes. Therefore, a novel multi-step microfluidic device, based on passive crossflow filters was developed. Three different designs were proposed, fabricated and tested in order to evaluate the most suitable geometry to perform, simultaneously, blood cells separation and cell deformability measurements. All the proposed geometries include a main channel and three sequential separation steps, all comprised of symmetrical crossflow filters, with multiple rows of pillars, to reduce the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) flowing to the outlets of the microfluidic device (MD). Sets of hyperbolic constrictions located at the outlets allow the assessment of cells deformability. Based on the proposed geometries, the three correspondent MD were evaluated and compared, by measuring the RBCs velocities, the cell-free layer (CFL) effect through the microchannels and by quantifying the amount of RBCs at the outlets. The results suggest that the proposed MD 3 configuration was the most effective one for the desired application, due to the formation of a wider CFL. As a result, a minor amount of RBCs flow through the hyperbolic contraction at the third separation level of the device. Nevertheless, for all the proposed geometries, the existence of three separation levels shows that it is possible to achieve a highly efficient cell separation. If needed, such microdevices have the potential for further improvements by increasing the number of separation levels, aiming the total separation of blood cells from plasma.This work was supported by Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-028178, and partially by project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-029394 funded by NORTE 2020 Portugal Regional Operational Program under PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP. The research was also supported by FCT with projects reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031442, PTDC/EMDEMD/29394/2017, PTDC/EEI-EEE/2846/2021, UIDB/04077/2020, UIDB/00532/2020, UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020, by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) with the reference project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006941. V. Faustino and D. Pinho thank, respectively, the FCT for the grants SFRH/BD/99696/2014 and SFRH/BD/89077/2012 supported by national funds from Ministérios da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior and by FSE through the POCH—Programa Operacional Capital Humano. Susana Catarino thanks FCT for her contract funding provided through 2020.00215.CEECIND