Développement de sources laser à fibres dopées ytterbium haute puissance, monofréquence et à bas bruit d'intensité

High power, narrow linewidth fiber lasers are useful for both industrial and scientific applications. Nevertheless, nonlinear effects like Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) are main limitations of these laser sources due to high power in fiber core. A first amplifier in single-frequency operation with 50W of output power from a laser diode seeder of 50 mW was developed. Study of intensity noise on this amplifier developed with standard fiber (core diameter less than 20 μm) showed that SBS leads to a degradation of noise properties of the laser. The use of large mode area (LMA) fibers is a solution for suppressing nonlinear effects with core diameters bigger than several tens of microns. LMA fibers show an overlap between doped core and pump wave optimized leading to a reduction of gain medium length. This strategy permits to increase nonlinear effect threshold. Second step of high power amplifiers with LMA fibers allows to obtain 100W in single-frequency regime without DBS. LMA fiber used have a core diameter equals to 40μm. Power scaling from 100W to 200W highlights a new limiting non-linear effect: Fiber Modal Degradation (FMD). Indeed, multimodal cores of these fibers, coupled to high thermal load lead to non-linear effects like Modal Instabilities (IM) and FMD. FMD effect, first described by Ward et al in 2016, is a thermo-optic effect characterized by a beam quality degradation with power transfer from fundamental mode to high order modes. Furthermore, a decrease of output power, synonym of guidance loss of fundamental mode in gain medium is observed. Unlike well-known effect IM, this phenomenon doesn’t act like a threshold phenomenon. In fact, transitory regime in association with FMD is longer than IM caused by photodarkening dynamic. In our study, beam quality at the output of the fiber was degraded after several tens of hours at 200W. For understanding this effect, a photodarkening effect study both in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed regime was carried out. This study shows that for the first time a photodarkening and photobleaching equilibrium on high power amplifiers in pulsed regime. These thermo-induced effects threshold depends on thermal load and are different for both regimes: 120W for CW and 150W for pulsed regime. Finally, a study and a reduction of intensity noise based from a servo-loop were carried out on 100W amplifier. A 1MHz bandwidth with a 30 dB decrease of noise were demonstrated. These results allow to develop high power and low intensity noise lasers at industrial level”Les sources laser à fibre, haute puissance et de faible largeur spectrale sont de plus en plus utiles pour des applications à la fois industrielle et scientifique. Cependant, le développement de ces sources est limité par les seuils d’apparition d’effets non-linéaires tels que la Diffusion Brillouin Stimulée (DBS) du fait d’un fort confinement de la lumière dans le coeur de la fibre. Un premier amplificateur en régime monofréquence de puissance moyenne égale à 50W a été développé à partir d’une diode laser signal de 50 mW. L’étude du bruit d’intensité sur cet amplificateur a montré que l’utilisation de fibres standards (diamètre de coeur 30 dB) sur une bande passante d’1MHz permet de supprimer le bruit en excès des diodes de pompe