Socio-economic and health management of pandemics based on forgotten effects theory

Intense and frequent changes increase uncertainty and complexity in decision-making. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates this situation. Therefore, the decision-maker seeks to reduce risks and meet these challenges. The manuscript aims to identify cause-effect relationships between variables affecting countries and changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and propose an algorithm to facilitate decision-making by identifying forgotten effects. The authors use thematic analysis to synthesize the semi-systematic literature review findings. The applied research uses a quantitative approach through modeling and simulation. The results highlight that the pandemic effects are associated with causes such as health care, political and economic stability, social justice, and the level of corruption. Decision-makers must prioritize the management of these variables guided by science. The main contribution is to show an algorithm that identifies forgotten effects in pandemics' socio-economic and health management, preventing future crises. In addition, the study advances the frontier of knowledge by addressing identified gaps and contributes to academia and policy makers. The most critical limitation is the number of variables included in this research. Future investigations could include analyses on the impact of climate change and sustainable development of nations and country-specific studies on the forgotten effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.