Antimicrobial activity of active substances from mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

V diplomskem delu je predstavljeno antimikrobno delovanje različnih vzorcev gobe Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum ali svetlikava pološčenka je rdeče obarvana goba, ki raste na razpadajočih trdih delih dreves. Vsebuje veliko antioksidantov, ki imajo terapevtske učinke, zaradi česar je zelo priljubljena v medicini. Analizirani vzorci so bili v obliki olja in počenih spor iz različnih kapsul ter posušenih in zdrobljenih delov gobe (primordiji, trosnjaki, micelij in spore). Antimikrobno učinkovitost vzorcev smo proučevali z modificirano disk difuzijsko metodo. Izvedli smo študijo antimikrobne aktivnost čistih vzorcev kot tudi študijo antimikrobne aktivnost ekstraktov, pripravljenih z ultrazvočno in Soxhletovo ekstrakcijsko tehniko z vodo ali etanolom, kot topilom. Prav tako smo proučili antimikrobno učinkovitost treh komercialnih produktov. Testirali smo tudi inhibitorne lastnosti vzorcev na rast treh različnih mikroorganizmov, in sicer na rast Gram-pozitivne bakterije Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negativne bakterije Escherichia coli in kvasovke Candida albicans. Najboljše antimikrobne lastnosti sta izkazovala vzorca pridobljena iz micelija iz trdnega gojišča in vodni ekstrakt trosnjakov, pridobljen z ultrazvočno ekstrakcijo. V vzorcu vodnega ekstrakta trosnjakov, ki je najbolj uspešno zaviral rast testiranih mikroorganizmov, smo še določili prisotnost nekaterih pomembnih encimov s standardnimi encimskimi testi. Določili smo encimsko aktivnost α-amilaze, glukoamilaze, celulaze, lipaze, lakaze, katalaze, peroksidaze, proteaze, transglutaminaze in superoksid dismutaze, izmed katerih je v analiziranem vzorcu bila dosežena najvišja aktivnost encima superoksid dismutaze.The thesis presents the antimicrobial activity of different samples of the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. G. lucidum is a red-colored mushroom that grows on decaying hard parts of trees. It contains many antioxidants that have therapeutic effects, which makes it very popular in medicine. The analyzed samples were in the form of oil and ruptured spores from different capsules and dried and crushed parts of the mushroom (primordia, mycelium, gills and spores). The antimicrobial activity of the samples was checked using the modificated standard disk diffusion method. We checked both the antimicrobial activity of pure samples and the antimicrobial activity of extracts prepared by ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction techniques based on water or ethanol. We also tested the antimicrobial activity of three commercial products, which were in the form of capsules containing cracked spores and cracked spore oil. The inhibitory properties of the samples were tested for the growth of three different microorganisms, namely the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. The best antimicrobial properties were demonstrated with samples of mycelium from a solid culture medium and with an ultrasonic water extract from gills of the mushroom. The sample, the ultrasonic water extract of gills, which was the most successfull in inhibiting the growth of the tested microorganisms, was also checked for the content of some important enzymes using standard enzyme tests. We checked the enzyme activity of α-amylase, glucoamylase, cellulase, lipase, laccase, catalase, peroxidase, protease, transglutaminase and superoxide dismutase, of which the highest activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was achieved in the analyzed sample