Quality of life of patient with advanced malignant melanoma

Pojav kožnega raka uvrščamo med najpogostejša rakasta obolenja. Maligni melanom je vrsta kožnega raka, ki se pojavi nenadoma, z nepravočasnim odkrivanjem lahko preide v napredovalo fazo bolezni in posledično vpliva na slabšo možnost preživetja. Namen zaključnega dela je ugotoviti kakovost življenja bolnikov z napredovalim malignim melanomom ter izpostaviti posebnosti, na katere naj bo pozorna medicinska sestra. Zaključno delo temelji na pregledu in analizi znanstvene ter strokovne literature pridobljene iz podatkovnih baz Medline, PubMed, Wiley in platforme COBISS. Upoštevani so vključitveni in izključitveni kriteriji. S PRISMA diagramom smo prikazali potek iskanja literature. Kakovost izbranih študij je bila izvedena z uporabo 7–nivojske hierarhije dokazov. Opravljena je bila vsebinska analiza in sinteza ugotovitev. V analizo smo zajeli 11 raziskav v povezavi s temo raziskovanja. Ugotovili smo, da kakovost življenja bolnikov z napredovalim melanomom vpliva na njihovo fizično, čustveno, psihološko in socialno stanje. Bolniki najpogosteje izpostavljajo utrujenost kot posledica fizičnih vplivov ter jezo in strah pred ponovitvijo bolezni kot posledica čustvenih vplivov. Psihološko jim je najtežje med čakanjem na potrditev diagnoze, ko je prisoten stres. Socialni dejavniki, ki se najpogosteje pojavljajo pri bolnikih, so odmikanje v samoto, izogibanje družbi in skrhani odnosi s partnerjem ter družino. Na osnovi raziskave ugotavljamo, da je kakovost življenja bolnikov z napredovalim malignim melanomom slaba. Medicinske sestre morajo biti za uspešno in kakovostno delo s temi bolniki strokovno usposobljene ter izurjene pri prepoznavanju nezaželenih učinkov zdravljenja in dajanju ustreznih informacij bolnikom.Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide. Melanomas may appear suddenly and without symptoms. In later stages, malignant melanoma spreads to other organs and may result in death. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine the quality of life of patients with advanced malignant melanoma and to highlight the specificities of nursing care among this patient group. The data of this dissertation was collected through literature obtained from Medline, PubMed, Wiley and COBISS database. Specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The PRISMA diagram describes the literature search process. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the 7-level hierarchy of evidence. A substantive analysis and synthesis were made. The analysis included 11 surveys related to the topic of research. We found that the quality of life of patients with advanced melanoma affects their physical, emotional, psychological and social status. Patients are most often exposed to physical and emotional impacts such as fatigue, anger and fear. From the patient viewpoint, waiting for confirmation of a diagnosis is the most anxious and stressful time. The social factors most common among patients are isolation and avoiding contact with family and society. The results indicate that the quality of life of patients with advanced malignant melanoma is low. Nurses should consider a patient\u27s body, mind, culture, socioeconomic background and environment when delivering care. Nurses need to be professionally trained to detect side effects of therapies and provide patients with relevant information