Y-shaped alkynylimidazoles as effective push-pull fluorescent dyes for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs)

The synthesis of three 2-arylalkynyl-4,5-diarylimidazoles endcapped with typical electron-donating (ED) and electron-withdrawing (EW) groups (push-pull system) and their evaluation as fluorescent dyes for thin-film luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) is described. These novel Y-shaped imidazole-based fluorophores were easily assembled in good chemical yields through a three-step synthetic sequence involving a double Suzuki arylation, followed by a dehydrogenative alkynylation, and a Knoevenagel condensation. Their optical and spectroscopic properties were analyzed both in solution and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. All the molecules in PMMA films showed an intense, red-shifted emission between 540 and 575 nm with large Stokes shift (>120 nm), moderate-to-good fluorescence quantum yields (QY) and good device efficiencies (ηdev), especially for compound 3