Modelling and simulation of a low voltage distribution network with included flexibility resources

V sklopu magistrskega dela je bilo simulirano večje število scenarijev z dodanim različnim številom fotovoltaičnih elektrarn, toplotnih črpalk ter polnilnic električnih vozil v omrežju z namenom analize vpliva teh naprav na razmere v omrežju. Vse večje število prej omenjenih naprav povzroča težave v omrežju, kot so na primer previsoka ali prenizka napetost ter preobremenjenost vodov ali transformatorja. Preizkušena sta bila dva načina izboljšanja razmer v omrežju: t.i. konvencionalna metoda, ki predvideva zamenjavo oz. nadgradnjo elementov omrežja ter t.i. alternativna metoda z izrabo prožnosti proizvodnje oz. porabe električne energije, katero omogočajo prej omenjene naprave. Pri simulacijah je bilo uporabljeno že prej zasnovano orodje za načrtovanje omrežij (ang. Grid Planning Tool) in realni modeli nizkonapetostnih omrežij v Sloveniji in Grčiji. Profili obratovanja vključenih naprav so bili generirani v sklopu simulacijskega orodja. Uporabljeno programsko okolje temelji na programskem jeziku Python ter orodju OpenDSS. Simulirani so bili trije različni scenariji za pilotno lokacijo Luče ter predstavljene razmere v omrežju za vsak scenarij posebej. Dodatno sta predstavljena omenjena dva načina izboljšanja razmer v omrežju ter njuna medsebojna primerjava. Izvedena je bila tudi občutljivostna analiza za štiri obravnavane lokacije (Luče in tri lokacije v Grčiji), preko katere je bilo določeno mejno število naprav, za katere bi razmere v trenutni konfiguraciji omrežju ostale znotraj dovoljenih mejah. Vsi rezultati so predstavljeni grafično (časovni potek opazovanih veličin) in tabelarično z izračunanimi parametri.As a part of the master\u27s thesis, a large number of scenarios with the addition of different numbers of photovoltaic power plants, heat pumps and electric vehicle chargers on the grid were simulated in order to analyse their impact on the network conditions. The increasing number of aforementioned devices can cause problems in the normal operation of the network, such as over- or under-voltage and line or transformer overload. Two methods of improving the network conditions were tested: the so-called conventional method, which involves replacing or upgrading network elements, and the so-called alternative method, which makes use of the flexibility of the electricity generation or consumption offered by the abovementioned devices. The simulations were carried out using the previously designed Grid Planning Tool and realistic models of the low-voltage networks in Slovenia. The production and consumption profiles of the included devices were generated within the simulation tool. Software used is based on Python programming language and the OpenDSS tool. Three different scenarios were simulated for the Luče pilot site and the network conditions for each scenario were presented separately. In addition, the two ways of improving the network conditions are presented and compared. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out for the four networks considered, through which a threshold number of devices was determined, for which the network conditions would remain within the permissible limits in the current network configuration. All the results are presented graphically (the time course of the observed quantities) and tabulated with the calculated parameters