The role of perioperative nurse in heart surgery

Uvod: Bolezni srca in ožilja so eden izmed vodilnih vzrokov smrtnosti. Z razvojem medicine so se razvile mnoge operativne tehnike na odprtem srcu, kar danes pacientom podaljša življenjsko dobo in kakovost življenja. Med najpogostejše kardiokirurške posege spadajo obvodi koronarnih arterij, balonska angioplastika, popravilo in zamenjava zaklopk ter presaditev ali vstavitev umetnega srca. Kardiokirurške operacije so težki in kompleksni posegi v pacientovo telo. Pri operativnih posegih na srcu je potrebno sodelovanje celotnega kirurškega tima, ki je za to ustrezno usposobljen. Namen: Namen je predstaviti vlogo operacijske medicinske sestre pri operacijah na srcu. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi. Izveden je bil pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Uporabljene so bile podatkovne baze PubMed in CINAHL ter vzajemni bibliografski sistem COBISS. V diplomskem delu je bilo uporabljenih 42 enot literature. Rezultati: Kardiovaskularnih bolezni je mnogo, kot tudi vrst kirurških posegov. Operacijska medicinska sestra mora poznati potek operativnega posega, saj le tako lahko sledi kirurgu. Njen cilj je, da se kirurški poseg izvede varno in s čim manj zapleti. Pacienta mora med perioperativno zdravstveno nego obravnavati celostno, kar pomeni, da je pozorna tako na fizične, psihične in duhovne potrebe. Za uspešnost operacije je ključnega pomena timsko delo in ustrezna komunikacija med operacijskimi sestrami ter ostalimi člani ekipe. Razprava in zaključek: Pri vsakem operativnem posegu na srcu so določene posebnosti in specifike, za katere mora biti medicinska sestra ustrezno usposobljena. Za operacijsko medicinsko sestro je sodelovanje pri operativnih posegih na odprtem srcu velik izziv, obenem pa ji omogoča možnost nenehnega izpopolnjevanja in učenja novih spretnosti in veščin.Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality. With the development of medicine, many open-heart surgery techniques have been developed, which nowadays prolong the life expectancy and quality of patient\u27s life. The most common cardiac surgical procedures include coronary artery bypass grafting, balloon angioplasty, valve repair and replacement, and transplantation or insertion of an artificial heart. Cardiac surgery is a difficult and complex procedure on the patient\u27s body. Cardiac surgery requires the involvement of the entire surgical team, which is appropriately trained to perform the procedure. Purpose: The purpose is to present the role of the operating room nurse in cardiac surgery. Methods: The diploma thesis is based on the descriptive method with a systematic review of literature in English and Slovenian. The PubMed, CINAHL databases and the COBISS reciprocal bibliographic system were used. 42 units of literature were used. Results: There are many types of cardiological diseases, as well as many types of surgical procedures. The OR nurse needs to know the progress of the operation, so she can follow the surgeon. The aim is to perform the surgery safely and with as few complications as possible. During preoperative care, the patient must be treated holistically, which means attending to physical, psychological and spiritual needs. Teamwork and good communication between the operating nurses and the rest of the team are crucial for the success of the operation. Discussion and conclusion: Every cardiac surgery has specific features and specificities for which the nurse must be trained. For an OR nurse, being involved in open-heart surgery is challenging, but it also gives her the opportunity to continuously improve and learn new skills